With reference to the UK, examine and discuss the methods open to a Essay - 1

With reference to the UK, examine and discuss the methods open to a government to control the rate of inflation within an economy - Essay Example According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) inflation in the UK rose to 2.2 per cent in January 2008, 0.2 per cent above the governments two per cent target. Retail price index (RPI) inflation rose to 4.1 per cent in January, up from four per cent in December. Although rising utilities bills and an increase in producer price index (PPI) inflation will keep upward pressure on inflation, the drop in demand for consumer products - such as clothing, footwear and electricals - seen in January could offset the higher food and fuel prices, analysts believe (Office of National Statistics 2008). Balancing the state budget is viewed by the economists as the way to help ease inflation. More efficient way is to keep the state budget ath the surplus and to hold expenditures at a low level. Budget can also be balanced by cutting taxes, and then trimming expenditures enough to make outgo match income. Tight money is probably the anti-inflationary weapon that is most widely used by capitalist economies today all around the world. By tight money it is meant holding down the ability of banks to make additional loans, so that household or businesses borrowers find it much more difficult--and much, much more expensive--to take out a loan. Tight money certainly slows down the pace of economic buying and producing. To a lesser extent it also slows down inflation, although there is no iron law that says prices must fall just because less is being produced or bought. Mainly the result of tight money is to intensify competition in a sluggish business setting, and that may bring prices down or stop them from going up: the bargains in air fares may be an example of this. The difficulties with tight money are is that the impact of credit stringency is very uneven--dealing serious blows, even death blows, to small business; leaving big business, with its powerful credit sources, relatively unscathed. Another problem is

Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Financial Analysis - Assignment Example The Verizon Wireless products and services include the â€Å"Wireless Voice and Data Services† and other â€Å"Equipment Sales† all over the United States. The Verizon Wire line includes communication products and services such as the â€Å"Voice, Internet access, Broadband video and data, Internet Protocol Network Services, Network Access and Long Distance† services. Competitor The T-Mobile US, Inc. located in the Bellevue, Washington is chosen as the competitor of Verizon Communication Inc. T-Mobile US, Inc. (TMUS) is a recently launched company that has the potential to grow in the future. The company is working for the better and prompt services regarding the communications and providing the consumers reliable products and services. All the products and Services are of great quality and are working together to provide the customers to stick together with the ones they love. The SIC Code for T-Mobile is 4812. The company also deals in the Wireless and Wire line products and services. T-Mobile provides the â€Å"Wireless Voice, Messaging and data services that are used by over a 293 million people all over America. Comparison The comparison of Version Communication Inc. and the competitor (T-Mobile US, Inc.) and the overall industry (Communication Industry) is done (Beaver, Correia and McNichols; Thomsett). Version communication Inc. is growing as the statistics show the profit margins are expanding at 7.57% yearly (2013). The returns on assets and equity are showing progress. The company is utilizing its assets and equity effectively. The revenues generated per share are 31.98 and the quarterly annual growth is 6.80%.

The Secret of Success of Wal Mart Research Paper

The Secret of Success of Wal Mart - Research Paper Example Wal-Mart’s large size and high purchasing power enable the company management to access customers from all over the world and the rest of the US. It also has an incredible team of executives who form its leadership. This has equipped Wal-Mart with the management of high caliber. The Company spends its resources carefully with the aim of maximizing their margins while reducing costs. The company focuses on strategies such as every day low prices that helped it stay ahead of its competitor. More so, the company’s retailer opened new small stores, which helped it overcome its competitors such as Amazon.com and dollar stores. It faced tough competition from these companies but it managed to make profits. The function of Wal-Mart’s reward system is to attract, motivate, and retain skilled and experienced employees. Wal-Mart’s reward is effective since it guarantees fair treatment of all employees. Wal-Mart management announced in 2012 that it was going to disburse close to one million dollars in benefits and bonuses to its workers within the United States of America. This shows a monetary reward that the company is able to give its employees in order to motivate them to work hard as the company continues to come up with new products for its customers. In addition to the total monetary reward system, Wal-Mart has come up with a unique social responsibility culture. Such sense of giving back to the community has been weakened by employee turnover rate. This reward system is effective since the company helps community directly without dishing out money. In addition, as part of Wal-Mart’s employee compensation program, the company pays or offers some premium for its employees or workers. This program aims to ensure that each employee is access to cheap healthcare despite the rising costs of health care. Wal-Mart uses employee compensation based control mechanisms in allevi ating possible employer and worker opportunism.

Popular Culture Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Popular Culture Today - Essay Example No country seems to be free from the rapid growth of popular culture. The only difference is that in advanced countries the growth of popular culture may takes place much rapidly than in underdeveloped countries. For example, soft drinks were signs of lavish life styles earlier and it was available in western countries only. However, it is available in all parts of the world at present. In other words, cultural changes or life style changes are taking place in all the corners of the world. Even the tribal people or the people living in rural areas are changing their life styles periodically. Even in some of the most patriarchal societies like Saudi Arabia, one can visualize pop culture changes. America is a country which is striving for changes. Many people are of the view that cultural changes or the development of new popular culture normally originates from America. Since America is a liberal society, it can accommodate any changes. Religion has not much role in politics or social life of the people and therefore America can welcome or accommodate any changes in pop culture easily. This paper analyses the trends in changing popular culture in America. Students may not be typical of the population as a whole, though jeans are widely popular among nonstudents of same age group, and only slightly less widespread among older age groups. So thinking about jeans is a good way to begin a discussion on popular culture (Fiske, p.1). Clothing is one area in which one can witness huge changes as part of the pop culture changes. Earlier, Americans used pants stitched in different ways. Tight pants, loos pants and bell bottom pants were the symbols of fashion at some periods of time in the past. However, the present era is the era of jeans, especially blue jeans. Majority of the celebrities, not only in America, but all over the world are fans of blue jeans at present. Even though jeans provide a rough look, even the soft hearted females are currently fans of jeans. One of the unique characteristics of jeans is the fact that it attracts all people irrespective of their religion, race, culture, gender, socioeconomic status, age etc. Apart from jeans, T shirts also attract Americans very much. Half pants is another major way through which Americans express their fashion concepts. Only on formal occasions, Americans use formal dressings like pants and coats. On all other occasions they like to wear jeans, T shirts, half pants etc. The gap between two different fashion trends has been reduced completely over the past few years. â€Å"Apparel designers used to have an eighteen-month lead time between concept and sale. Now they're reducing that to a year, or even six months, in order to react faster to new ideas from the street† (Who decides what's cool? Certain kids in certain places-- and only the cool hunters know who they are). Current generation is always looking for new ideas and concepts. The better living standards and advancements in scie nce and technology helped them in doing so. For example, the advancements in computer technologies or digital electronics brought huge changes in America and other parts of the word. The size of the computer has come down gradually and as a result of that, laptops, palmtops and gadgets entered the market. Now a mobile phone like Samsung Galaxy S2 or iPhone can perform the activities of a computer without many problems. It is difficult to see an American without a

Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct Research Paper - 1

Ethics and Professional Code of Conduct - Research Paper Example Police chiefs and Sheriffs are responsible for integrity, ethics and morality in the police force. However, they are unable to supervise the juniors effectively necessitating other approaches like training. According to Popa, Naghi and Isopescu (2012), professional ethics is from the Greek words â€Å"Deontos† and â€Å"Logos† meaning, â€Å"What must be done† and â€Å"the science of†. It includes a set of rules and regulations, which all professionals in the government including the police must follow at all times. The objective of the professional code is to ensure professionals respect the rule of law, the natural law and moral rule (Popa, Naghi and Isopescu, 2012). Rule of law dictates what is right and wrong in accordance to the law (Popa, Naghi and Isopescu, 2012). The natural law dictates what is right or wrong naturally and morality dictates what is right or wrong basing on the accepted principles (Popa, Naghi and Isopescu, 2012). Professional ethics and integrity are important to the police for many reasons. One, the police swear to protect the interests of the people in a given jurisdiction when starting their career. In this case, they are indebted to ensure that all people feel safe in their homes businesses and across the jurisdiction (Kadleck, 2003). Second, failure to follow the set rules and laws may lead to injustice even when the police officers have good intentions (Kadleck, 2003). Thirdly, lacks of ethics and professional code of conduct weaken the society (Kadleck, 2003). In this case, when people realize something bad is happening in the society, they do not report because they know the relevant authorities will not address the issue accordingly. For example, when a person breaks the law and instead of police officers arresting and charging the person, they take bribe and free the person. If the society gets to know of such things, they would be sceptical

The Great Inflation of the 1970s in the United States Term Paper

The Great Inflation of the 1970s in the United States - Term Paper Example From this research it is clear that the Great Inflation of the 1970s was a period that epitomized the United States’ struggle with double-digit inflation rates beginning early in the 1970s until early 1980s. As asserted by many authors and in many literatures, post World War II economists and politicians toyed with certain ideas proposed by Keynesian economics. According to this type of economics, it is possible to trade off inflation and employment to achieve some economic stability and growth, albeit for a short-term objective. According to this school of thought, small amounts of inflation could be allowed to help lower unemployment rates, thereby, attaining higher overall economic output. The main weakness of the Keynesian economics was that despite the fact that inflation may lead to increased employment; such a strategy only has short-term effects. For example, a lot of cash in circulation results in boosted demand for goods and services and a corresponding drop in inter est rates. Interestingly, people always mistake this influx in money supply with wealth, thus, increase their spending and demand for goods and services. Unfortunately, it would later require a higher rate of inflation to achieve the same economic effects. In the case of the Great Inflation of the 1970s, the United States was experiencing both high unemployment and inflation, a situation that the Keynesian economists would somehow consider impossible. ... ore, although a central bank may tirelessly try to formulate and implement monetary policies that would curb inflation, the immediate negative economic effects of these policies and political pressures force most central banks relenting and inflation returning (Bulkley, p135). Simply put, inflation refers to a general increase in the prices of goods and services and/or cost of living over a given period. Accompanying this increase in prices is the weakening of a currency, implying that such a currency buys fewer items than before the inflation. In other words, the purchasing power of a currency is reduced day by day, which is measured by the rate of inflation. The rate of inflation is the percentage change in the general price index, calculated as an annual figure. Although a high inflation rate is bad for an economy, a zero or a negative one is equally bad unlike a low inflation rate, which is beneficial to a country. For instance, a high inflation is found to interfere with the beh aviors of consumers who may want to buy their requirements in advance, fearing further increases in commodity prices (White, p10). This consumer behavior has an effect of stabilizing the market by way of creating preventable shortages. This paper explores the Great Inflation of 1970s in the United States concerning its background, effects, causes, and the monetary policies in the preceding and succeeding years. The Great Depression Most scholars, economists and historians have described the Great Inflation of the 1970s as one of the biggest economic gaps in the history of not only the United States but also of other countries around the world. Also described as the biggest domestic blunder ever for the United States, the Great Inflation of the 1970s played a rather central role in the

Lin Article Critique Essay Example for Free

Lin Article Critique Essay However, when splitting the forty patients into two treatment groups, the clients were split randomly. This places twenty participants in each subgroup. Pyrczak (2008) suggests that number of participants can be so small that generalizing would be inappropriate. At the conclusion of the study caution was given to the small sample size provided, but it was noted that â€Å"the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies† (Lin et al. , 2004). This indicates that a generalization was drawn from the target group of residential drug rehabilitation clients and was not drawn from a diverse source. Some participant dropped out of the study resulting in a 35% completion rate (Lin et al. , 2004). This low rate does effect generalizing the findings of the study. The participants were similar on relevant variables in that all of the patients were diagnosed with a mental disorder, had a history of a chronic addiction, a poor response to treatment and relapse, legal issue related to addiction and little motivation to change (Lin et al. 2004). Critique of Procedures The procedures followed in acquiring participants in this study initially were not chosen at random. The forty-three patients selected for the study were from a residential drug treatment center that had specific criteria preferred by the researchers. However, when the patients were separated into treatment groups, â€Å"they were randomly assigned to FT or ADC† (Linn et al. , 2004). The treatments described in this study are sufficiently explained in detail. The researchers describe ADC, alcohol and drug counseling as a common treatment plan for substance abuse. The article is written in more descriptive detail about forgiveness therapy for the reason that its effectiveness is being tested. The treatments were administered by a therapist trained in both FT and ADC therapy with more than twenty years of therapeutic counseling experience. The treatments that were administered were monitored by taping the therapy sessions with a member of the team arbitrarily selecting the tapings for review of â€Å"consistency between expected and delivered treatments† (Linn et al. 2004). The same therapist conducted all the therapy sessions so that the personal effect is eliminated as a factor from this study. The therapist used the same methodology in both types of treatment programs. The setting for the experiment was a natural setting in the sense that it was not conducted in a laboratory. The therapy sessions took place within the current living environment of the rehabilitation residential facility. The researcher considered attrition in this study stating that, â€Å"given the high levels of mobility and chaos that characterize the lives of this client population, this dropout rate is not unusual. However, the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies† (Linn et al. , 2004). Critique of Instrumentation The evaluating instruments for the research did not include actual items in the research, but did explain in great detail the description of each instrument. The researchers also included research that supported validity of each assessment. Specialized formatting and detail was used when the instruments were administered in random order and the response format was provided. Restrictions were placed upon the research when the patience were initially chosen with the three dispositions of a chronic addiction with relapse, psychiatric diagnoses, poor response to treatment with low motivation to change, and legal issues dealing with substance abuse (Linn et al. , 2004). Multiple methods are used to collect information on each variable within this research. The EFI, BDI-II, CSEI, STAI, SSTAEI and vulnerability to drug use scale were used to obtain data on each patient and use for statistical analysis (Linn et al. , 2004). The researchers provided sources and well researched information for each published instrument. The self-report assessments were not administered anonymously, therefore, there is some reason of doubt that information obtained from patients could have been influenced by â€Å"social desirability or response-style biases† (Linn et al. , 2004). This researcher believes steps were taken to keep the instrumentation from influencing any overt behaviors due to the fact that all patients were exposed to the same therapist as a constant, expected occurrence, causing little deviation from the expected schedule.